A Redshift Undermines The Dogma Of An Expanding Universe
Halton Arp has closely studied the galaxy NGC-1199, which is the brightest member of a small cluster of galaxies. One of its companions is a galaxy so dense that it appears to be a star. This compact object sports a circular shadow and seems to be silhouetted against the central galaxy NGC-1199.
Arp's analysis of the absorption ring seems to prove that the compact galaxy is in front of the central galaxy. This would normally be permissible, but here the central galaxy has a redshift of 2,600 km/sec compared to 13,300 km/sec for the galaxy in front of it. This is astounding because the farther away an object is, the greater its redshift is supposed to be.
(Arp, Halton M.; "NGC-ll99," Astronomy, 6:15, September 1978.)
Comment. Other examples of such anomalous redshifts are known. Three pos-sible conclusions are:
The redshift distance law is wrong, upsetting the Big-Bang Theory;
Some galaxies and other objects have acquired anomalous velocities
through some unknown mechanism; or
These unusual redshifts do not indicate velocities at all.
Reference. The "redshift controversy" is a major topic in our Catalog: Stars, Galaxies, Cosmos. For ordering information, visit: here.
"Before opening the book, I set certain standards that a volume which treads into dangerous grounds grounds like this must meet. The author scrupulously met, or even exceeded those standards. Each phenomenon is exhaustively documented, with references to scientific journals [..] and extensive quotations" -- "Book Review: The moon and planets: a catalog of astronomical anomalies", The Sourcebook Project, 1985., Corliss, W. R., Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada>, Vol. 81, no. 1 (1987), p. 24., 02/1987